Chapter 4

base class for different response

from fastapi import Response
resp = Response(content, media_type)  # e.g. resp = Response("<h1>Hi</h1>", "text/html")

fastapi can use jinja2's template mechanism

from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates
templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="templates")

Serving static Assets
FastAPI facilitates the user of such static files from a location configured for the purpose. These files should be put in a folder named static. It should be in the same folder where the application code script as well as the templates folder resides
The path pointing to this static folder is mounted as a subaplication. The mount() method of the Application class defines a /static route mapped to its path
```
from fastapi.staticfiles import StaticFiles
app.mount("/static", StaticFiles(directory="static"), name="static")
```
The StaticFiles class (imported from the fastapi.staticfiles module) maps the static directory to the /static route. By mounting a static subapplication, the static content becomes easy to deliver, process, and cache.
Whenever we want to use any of these static files, their path is obtained with the url_for() function provided by the jinja2 template language. This can help us avoid referring to the file by its local path and causing a security concern.

[???]TODO:

async def apply(request: Request):
return templates.TemplateResponse(
    "form.html", {"request": request}
)

Not sure what does this request do here.
also, don't really know the difference between localhost:8080/form v.s. localhost:8080/form/ (with and without the last /). The first will definitely get routed by app.get("/{name}"), but what is the difference?